breathe forth

spīro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a. [etym. dub.].

Neutr., to breathe, blow, etc. (cf. flo).

Lit.

In gen. (only poet. and in postAug. prose):

freta circum Fervescunt graviter spirantibus incita flabris,

Lucr. 6, 428; Ov. M. 7, 532:

obturatis, quā spiraturus est ventus, cavernis,

Plin. 8, 38, 58, § 138:

emicat ex oculis, spiratque e pectore flamma,

breathes forth, bursts forth, Ov. M. 8, 356:

aequatae spirant aurae,

Verg. A. 5, 844:

graviter spirantis copia thymbrae,

strongscented, Verg. G. 4, 31; cf.:

semper odoratis spirabunt floribus arae,

Stat. S. 3, 3, 211:

seu spirent cinnama surdum,

emit a slight fragrance, Pers. 6, 35:

quā vada non spirant, nec fracta remurmurat unda,

roar, rage, Verg. A. 10, 291; cf.:

fervet fretis spirantibus aequor,

boiling up, foaming, id. G. 1, 327.—

In partic., to breathe, draw breath, respire (the class. signif. of the word; cf.

anhelo): cum spirantes mixtas hinc ducimus auras,

Lucr. 6, 1129:

quae deseri a me, dum quidem spirare potero, nefas judico,

Cic. N. D. 3, 40, 94:

ne spirare quidem sine metu possunt,

id. Rosc. Am. 23, 65; id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1:

vehementer et crebro spirare,

Cels. 2, 4:

querulum spirat,

breathes plaintively, Mart. 2, 26, 1.—

Transf.

Like the Engl. to breathe, = to live, be alive (usu. in the part. pres.):

sunt qui ab eo (Clodio) spirante forum putent potuisse defendi, cujus non restiterit cadaveri curia (corresp. to vivus),

Cic. Mil. 33, 91:

ut in vivi etiam et spirantis capite bustum imponeret,

id. Dom. 52, 134; cf.:

margarita viva ac spirantia saxis avelli,

Tac. Agr. 12 fin.:

Catilina inter hostium cadavera repertus est, paululum etiam spirans,

Sall. C. 61, 4:

spirantia consulit exta,

still panting, Verg. A. 4, 64:

artus,

Luc. 3, 732:

corpora,

id. 1, 363:

non sunt ausi admovere (corpori), velut spiranti, manus,

Curt. 10, 10, 13; Sil. 2, 430; cf. in verb. finit.:

spirant venae corque adhuc paviduin salit,

Sen. Thyest. 756.—

Of aspirated letters:

quibus (litteris) nullae apud eos dulcius spirant,

sound, Quint. 12, 10, 27.—

Trop.

(Acc. to I. A. 1.) To be favorable, to favor (the fig. taken from a favorable wind):

quod si tam facilis spiraret Cynthia nobis,

Prop. 2, 24 (3, 18), 5:

di maris et terrae... spirate secundi,

Verg. A. 3, 529.—

(Acc. to I. A. 2.) To breathe, live, be alive:

videtur Laelii mens spirare etiam in scriptis, Galbae autem vis occidisse,

Cic. Brut. 24, 94; cf.:

spirat adhuc amor Vivuntque calores Aeoliae puellae,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 10.—Of life-like representations by painting, sculpture, etc.:

excudent alii spirantia mollius aera,

Verg. A. 6, 847:

Parii lapidis spirantia signa,

id. G. 3, 34:

spirat et arguta picta tabella manu,

Mart. 7, 84, 2; 11, 10, 7.—

To be poetically inspired, to have the lyric spirit:

quod spiro, et placeo, si placeo, tuum est,

Hor. C. 4, 3, 24 (Orell. ad loc.).—

Spirare alte, altius, to be puffed up, proud, or arrogant, Flor. 2, 2, 27:

Eusebium alte spirantem addixere poenae,

Amm. 22, 3, 12.—

Act., to breathe out, exhale, emit (mostly poet. and post-Aug.; not in Cic.; syn. exhalo).

Lit.:

Diomedis equi spirantes naribus ignem,

Lucr. 5, 29:

flammam spirantes ore Chimaerae,

id. 2, 705; so,

flammas spirantes boves,

Liv. 22, 17:

flamina,

Ov. F. 4, 18:

Zephyros spirare secundos,

Verg. A. 4, 562:

tenuem animam,

to breathe feebly, Val. Fl. 4, 436:

ambrosiaeque comae divinum vertice odorem Spiravere,

exhaled, Verg. A. 1, 404; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 81.—

Trop., to breathe forth, exhale:

pinguia Poppaeana,

Juv. 6, 466:

mendacia,

id. 7, 111:

ut vidit vastos telluris hiatus Divinam spirare fidem (i. e. oracula),

Luc. 5, 83.—

To breathe into:

ficto Corpori animam,

Lact. 2, 11, 3.—

Transf., like the Engl. to breathe, i. e. to be full of; to show, express, manifest; to design, intend a thing ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose): tantum spirantes aequo certamine bellum. [p. 1744] Lucr. 5, 392:

mollem spirare quietem,

Prop. 1, 3, 7:

quae spirabat amores,

Hor. C. 4, 13, 19:

inquietum hominem et tribunatum etiam nunc spirantem,

Liv. 3, 46:

fratris facta spirans,

imitating, Sil. 15, 411; cf.:

fratrem spirat in armis,

id. 3, 740:

spirantes proelia dira effigies,

id. 17, 398.— Often with neutr. adj. used adverb.:

magnum,

Prop. 2, 15 (3, 7), 53:

majora,

Curt. 6, 9, 11:

immane,

Verg. A. 7, 510:

tragicum satis,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 166; cf. id. C. 4, 3, 24:

quiddam indomitum,

Flor. 1, 22, 1:

cruenta,

Amm. 16, 1, 5.

* * *

* * *

ănhēlo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a. [2. anand halo].

Pr., to move about for breath; hence, to draw the breath with great difficulty, to pant, puff, gasp, etc.:

anhelat inconstanter,

Lucr. 3, 490:

cum languida anhelant,

id. 4, 864: * Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 25: anhelans ex imis pulmonibus prae curā spiritus ducebatur, Auct. ad Her. 4, 33:

anhelans Colla fovet,

Verg. A. 10, 837; 5, 254 al.:

nullus anhelabat sub adunco vomere taurus,

Ov. F. 2, 295:

sudare atque anhelare,

Col. 2, 3, 2.— In gen., to breathe (cf. anhelitus, II.), Prud. Apoth. 919.—

Metaph., of fire:

fornacibus ignis anhelat,

roars, Verg. A. 8, 421.—Of the earth:

subter anhelat humus,

heaves, Stat. S. 1, 1, 56.—Of the foaming of the sea, Sil. 9, 286.— Trop., of poverty panting for something:

anhelans inopia,

Just. 9, 1, 6.—

Verb. act., to breathe out, to emit by breathing, breathe forth, exhale:

nolo verba exiliter exanimata exire, nolo inflata et quasi anhelata gravius,

Cic. de Or. 3, 11, 38: de pectore frigus anhelans Capricornus, vet. poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 2, 44:

anhelati ignes,

Ov. F. 4, 492; so id. H. 12, 15:

rabiem anhelare,

Luc. 6, 92:

anhelatis exsurgens ictibus alnus,

the strokes of the oars made with panting, Sil. 14, 379.— Trop., to pursue, pant for, strive after something with eagerness:

Catilinam furentem audaciā, scelus anhelantem,

breathing out wickedness, Cic. Cat. 2, 1: anhelans ex imo pectore crudelitatem, Auct. ad Her. 4, 55.

II. p. 564, regard the prefix of this word as the Gr. ana; hence, pr. to draw up the breath; cf. antestor.

* * *

ex-spīro ( expīro), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; not in Cic. and Caes.).

Act., to breathe out, to emit, to blow out, to exhale, give out: animam pulmonibus, Lucil. ap. Non. 38, 27:

animam medios in ignes,

Ov. M. 5, 106:

auras,

id. ib. 3, 121:

flumen sanguinis de pectore,

Lucr. 2, 354; cf.:

flammas pectore,

Verg. A. 1, 44:

odorem de corpore,

Lucr. 4, 124:

sonos per saxa (unda),

Sil. 9, 285:

colorem (uniones),

Plin. 9, 35, 56, § 115.—

Poet. transf.:

cadavera vermes,

i. e. send forth, produce, Lucr. 3, 720:

silva comas tollit fructumque exspirat in umbras,

i. e. spreads out into foliage, Stat. S. 5, 2, 70.—

Exspirare animam, to expire, die, Gell. 3, 15 init. —

To rush forth, come forth, be exhaled.

Lit.:

per fauces montis ut Aetnae Exspirent ignes,

Lucr. 6, 640:

ignis foras (with exire in auras),

id. 6, 886:

vis fera ventorum,

Ov. M. 15, 300:

halitus Averni,

Val. Fl. 4, 493:

unguenta,

evaporate, Plin. 13, 3, 4, § 20: vis, Lucil. ap. Non. 38, 30.—

Trop.:

irae pectoris exspirantes,

Cat. 64, 194.—

To breathe one's last, to expire.

Lit.:

ut per singulos artus exspiraret,

Sall. H. 1, 30 Dietsch.:

atram tundit humum exspirans,

Verg. A. 10, 731:

ubi perire jussus exspiravero,

Hor. Epod. 5, 91:

inter primam curationem exspiravit,

Liv. 2, 20, 9:

inter verbera et vincula,

id. 28, 19, 12:

extremus exspirantis hiatus,

Quint. 6, 2, 31; 9, 2, 73; Sen. Ep. 99, 27; Curt. 3, 5, 4; Suet. Tib. 21; id. Claud. 23; Val. Max. 4, 5, 6; Plin. 7, 36, 36, § 122.— Pass. impers.:

quoniam membranā cerebri incisā statim exspiretur,

Plin. 11, 37, 67, § 178:

exspiravit aper dentibus apri,

Juv. 15, 162.—

Trop., to expire, perish, come to an end, cease:

si ego morerer, mecum exspiratura res publica erat,

Liv. 28, 28, 11:

libertate jam exspirante,

Plin. Pan. 57, 4:

ne res publica exspiraret,

Val. Max. 3, 2, 18:

criminis causa exspirat,

becomes extinct, ceases, Dig. 48, 17, 1 fin.; 24, 3, 19:

prior obligatio,

ib. 45, 1, 58.

ĕdo, ēdi, ēsum, 3 ( sup.:

esum,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 13; id. Men. 3, 1, 11; id. Stich. 1, 3, 28:

esu,

id. Ps. 3, 2, 35.—The contr. forms es, est, estis, etc., are very freq. in prose and poetry:

est,

Verg. A. 4, 66; 5, 683; Hor. S. 2, 2, 57:

esset,

id. ib. 2, 6, 89; Verg. G. 1, 151:

esse,

Quint. 11, 3, 136; Juv. 15, 102:

esto,

Cato R. R. 156, 1.—Hence, also in the pass.:

estur,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 78; id. Poen. 4, 2, 13; Cels. 27, 3; Ov. Pont. 1, 1, 69; and:

essetur,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 106 Müll.—Archaic forms of the subj. praes.:

edim,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 16; id. Trin. 2, 4, 73; 74; Caecil. and Pompon. ap. Non. 507, 7:

edis,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 45; id. Trin. 2, 4, 72:

edit,

Cato R. R. 1, 56, 6; 1, 57, 9 sq.; Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 1; 3; id. Aul. 4, 6, 6; id. Poen. prol. 9; Hor. Epod. 3, 3; id. S. 2, 8, 90:

edimus,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 34:

editis, Nov. ap. Non. l. l.: edint,

Cic. Fin. 2, 7, 22), v. a. [Sanscr. ad-mi, eat; Gr. ed-ô, esthiô; Lat. edax, esca, esurio, etc.; cf. also Gr. odous, odont- Aeol. plur. edontes, dens], to eat (for syn. cf.: comedo, vescor, pascor, devoro, haurio, mando, ceno, epulor).

Lit.: ille ipse astat, quando edit, Naev. ap. Prisc. p. 893; cf.

so uncontr.,

Cic. Att. 13, 52:

miserrimus est, qui cum esse cupit, quod edit non habet,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 3:

ut de symbolis essemus,

Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 2:

mergi eos (sc. pullos) in aquam jussit, ut biberent, quoniam esse nollent,

Cic. N. D. 2, 3, 7 et saep.—

Prov.

Multos modios salis simul edisse, to have eaten bushels of salt with another, i. e. to be old friends, Cic. Lael. 19.—

De patella, i. e. to show contempt for religion (v. patella), Cic. Fin. 2, 7 fin. —

Pugnos, to taste one's fists, i. e. to get a good drubbing, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 153.—

Transf.

Bona, to squander, dissipate, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 29.—

Of inanimate subjects, qs. to eat up, i. e. to consume, destroy ( poet.):

ut mala culmos Esset robigo,

Verg. G. 1, 151:

carinas lentus vapor (i. e. flamma),

id. A. 5, 683:

corpora virus,

Ov. Ib. 608 al. —

Trop., to corrode, consume, devour (almost exclusively poet.):

si quid est animum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 39; cf.:

nimium libenter edi sermonem tuum,

have devoured, Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 1:

nec te tantus edat tacitam dolor,

Verg. A. 12, 801:

nec edunt oblivia laudem,

Sil. 13, 665 et saep.

ē-do, dĭdi, dĭtum, 3, v. a., to give out, put forth, bring forth (freq. and class.).

In gen.:

foras per os est editus aër,

Lucr. 3, 122; cf.:

sputa per fauces tussi,

id. 6, 1189:

urinam,

Plin. 28, 4, 7, § 38; cf.

stercus,

Col. 2, 14: animam, to breathe out, i. e. to die, expire, Cic. Sest. 38, 83; Ov. H. 9, 62; cf.:

extremum vitae spiritum,

Cic. Phil. 12, 9:

vitam,

id. Fin. 5, 2, 4; id. Planc. 37, 90:

clamorem,

to send forth, utter, id. Div. 2, 23; cf.:

miros risus,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 10, 2:

fremitum patulis sub naribus (equus),

Lucr. 5, 1076:

voces,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 8:

dulces modos,

Ov. F. 1, 444:

questus,

id. M. 4, 588:

hinnitus,

id. ib. 2, 669:

latratus,

id. ib. 4, 451 et saep.:

Maeander in sinum maris editur,

discharges itself, Liv. 38, 13; 39, 53 fin.:

clanculum ex aedibus me edidi foras,

have slipped out, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 9.

In partic., to bring forth any thing new, to produce, beget, form, etc.

Of what is born, begotten (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

progeniem in oras luminis,

Lucr. 2, 617:

crocodilos dicunt, cum in terra partum ediderint, obruere ova, deinde discedere,

Cic. N. D. 2, 52; so,

partum,

Liv. 1, 39; cf.:

aliquem partu,

Verg. A. 7, 660; Ov. M. 4, 210; 13, 487:

aliquem maturis nisibus,

id. F. 5, 172:

geminos Latona,

id. M. 6, 336:

nepotem Atlantis (Pleïas),

id. F. 5, 664 al.: (draconem) Qui luci ediderat genitor Saturnius, idem Abdidit, Cic. Poëta Div. 2, 30, 64; cf.:

Electram maximus Atlas Edidit,

Verg. A. 8, 137.—In the pass.:

hebetes eduntur,

Quint. 1, 1, 2. —More freq. in the part.: in lucem editus, Poëta ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 115 (a transl. of the Euripid. ton phunta); cf. Ov. M. 15, 221:

editus partu,

id. ib. 5, 517; 9, 678; id. F. 5, 26:

Venus aquis,

id. H. 7, 60; cf.:

Limnate flumine Gange,

id. M. 5, 48;

for which: de flumine,

id. H. 5, 10 (cf. Zumpt, Gramm. §

451): ille hac,

Ov. M. 10, 298; cf.:

Maecenas atavis regibus,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 1:

infans ex nepte Julia,

Suet. Aug. 65 et saep.—

Transf.:

(tellus) Edidit innumeras species,

Ov. M. 1, 436; cf. Liv. 21, 41:

frondem ulmus,

puts forth, Col. 5, 6, 2:

ea (sc. academia) praestantissimos in eloquentia viros edidit,

Quint. 12, 2, 25.—

Of literary productions, to put forth, to publish (class.):

de republica libros,

Cic. Brut. 5, 19; so,

librum contra suum doctorem,

id. Ac. 2, 4, 12:

annales suos,

id. Att. 2, 16, 4:

orationem scriptam,

Sall. C. 31, 6:

aliquid,

Cic. Leg. 1, 2, 7; Quint. 5, 10, 120; 3, 1, 18; 2, 1, 11; Hor. A. P. 390 et saep.—

Transf., to set forth, publish, relate, tell, utter, announce, declare = exponere;

esp. of the responses of priests and oracles, the decrees of authorities, etc.: apud eosdem (sc. censores) qui magistratu abierint edant et exponant, quid in magistratu gesserint,

Cic. Leg. 3, 20, 47; cf. Hor. S. 2, 5, 61:

ede illa, quae coeperas, et Bruto et mihi,

Cic. Brut. 5, 20:

nomen parentum,

Ov. M. 3, 580; 9, 531; Hor. S. 2, 4, 10:

veros ortus,

Ov. M. 2, 43; cf.:

auctor necis editus,

id. ib. 8, 449:

mea fata tibi,

id. 11, 668 et saep. —With acc. and inf.:

Apollo Pythius oraculum edidit, Spartam nulla re alia esse perituram, etc.,

Cic. Off. 2, 22, 77; cf. Liv. 40, 45; 22, 10; 42, 2.—With dupl. acc.:

auctorem doctrinae ejus falso Pythagoran edunt,

id. 1, 18; cf. id. 1, 46; 27, 27 fin.:

haec mihi, quae canerem Titio, deus edidit ore,

Tib. 1, 4, 73:

iis editis imperiis,

id. 29, 25; cf.:

edito alio tempore ac loco (with constitutum tempus et locus),

Quint. 4, 2, 98:

opinio in vulgus edita,

spread abroad, Caes. B. C. 3, 29, 3; cf. Nep. Dat. 6, 4:

consilia hostium,

i. e. to divulge, betray, Liv. 10, 27 et saep.— Poet.:

arma violentaque bella,

i. e. to sing, celebrate in song, Ov. Am. 1, 1, 1.—Hence,

Jurid. and polit. t. t., to give out, promulgate, proclaim, ordain:

qua quisque actione agere volet, eam prius edere debet. Nam aequissimum videtur, eum, qui acturus est, edere actionem, etc.,

Dig. 2, 13 (tit. De edendo), 1 sq.:

verba,

Cic. Quint. 20, 63; cf.

judicium,

id. ib. 21: tribus, said of the plaintiff in a causa sodaliciorum, to name the tribus (since he had the right, in order to choose the judges, to propose to the defendant four tribus, from which the latter could reject only one, and then to choose the judges according to his own pleasure out of the remaining three, Cic. Planc. 15, 36 sqq.:

judices editi (= editicii),

id. ib. 17, 41; cf.

Wund. Cic. Planc. p. LXXVI. sq., and see editicius: socium tibi in hujus bonis edidisti Quintium,

hast mentioned, Cic. Quint. 24 fin.:

quantum Apronius edidisset deberi, tantum ex edicto dandum erat,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 29; 2, 2, 42: mandata edita, Liv. 31, 19; cf. id. 34, 35:

ederet (consul) quid fieri velit,

to command, id. 40, 40; cf. id. 45, 34.—

Transf. beyond the jurid. sphere:

postquam hanc rationem cordi ventrique edidi, etc.,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 12.—

Of other objects, to produce, perform, bring about, cause (freq. and class.):

oves nullum fructum edere ex se sine cultu hominum et curatione possent,

Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158:

vitales motus,

Lucr. 3, 560:

proelia pugnasque,

id. 2, 119; 4, 1010; Liv. 8, 9; 21, 43 al.; cf.

caedem,

id. 5, 13; 10, 45 al.:

strages,

Verg. A. 9, 785 and 527:

aliquantum trepidationis,

Liv. 21, 28; cf.

tumultum,

id. 36, 19:

ruinas,

Cic. Leg. 1, 13 fin.:

scelus, facinus,

to perpetrate, id. Phil. 13, 9 fin.:

annuam operam,

i. e. to perform, Liv. 5, 4; cf. id. 3, 63; Suet. Tib. 35:

munus gladiatorium (with parare),

to exhibit, Liv. 28, 21; Suet. Calig. 18; cf.

ludos,

Tac. A. 1, 15; 3, 64; Suet. Caes. 10 al.:

spectaculum,

Tac. A. 14, 17; id. H. 2, 67; Suet. Caes. 44 et saep.:

gladiatores,

Suet. Aug. 45 et saep.:

exemplum severitatis,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 5;

so more freq.: exempla in aliquem,

Ter. Eun. 5, 6, 21; Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 12; Liv. 29, 9 fin. and 27; cf.:

scelus in aliquem,

Cic. Sest. 27.

To raise up, lift, elevate:

corpus celerem super equum,

Tib. 4, 1, 114.—Hence,

ēdĭtus, a, um, P. a. (set forth, heightened; hence, like excelsus).

Prop., of places, elevated, high, lofty (cf.:

altus, celsus, excelsus, sublimis, procerus, arduus, praeceps, profundus), opp. to flat, level (cf.: collis paululum ex planitie editus,

Caes. B. G. 2, 8, 3; id. B. C. 1, 43, 2; Sall. J. 92, 5; Tac. A. 15, 27—very freq. and class.):

Henna est loco perexcelso atque edito,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48; Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (with acclivis); 7, 18, 3; id. B. C. 3, 37, 4; Sall. J. 92, 5; 98, 3; Liv. 2, 50 et saep.— Comp., Caes. B. C. 1, 7, 5; 1, 43, 2; Sen. N. Q. 7, 5. — Sup., Auct. B. Alex. 28; 31; 72; Just. 2, 1, 17 al.—

Trop.:

viribus editior,

stronger, Hor. S. 1, 3, 110.— Adv. does not occur.—

ēdĭtum, i, n.

A height:

in edito,

Suet. Aug. 72:

ex edito,

Plin. 31, 3, 27.— Plur.:

edita montium,

Tac. A. 4, 46; 12, 56: in editis, Treb. Trig. Tyr. 26.—

Transf., a command, order, Ov. M. 11, 647; cf. Liv. 25, 12, 4.

ĕdo, ōnis, m. [1. edo], a glutton, Varr. ap. Non. 48, 19.

ănĭmus, i, m. [a Graeco-Italic form of anemos = wind (as ego, lego, of ego, lego); cf. Sanscr. an = to breathe, anas = breath, anilas = wind; Goth. uz-ana = exspiro; Erse, anal = breath; Germ. Unst = a storm (so, sometimes); but Curt. does not extend the connection to AФ, aêmi = to blow; a modification of animus—by making which the Romans took a step in advance of the Greeks, who used hê psuchê for both these ideas—is anima, which has the physical meaning of anemos, so that Cic. was theoretically right, but historically wrong, when he said, ipse animus ab anima dictus est, Tusc. 1, 9, 19; after the same analogy we have from psuchô = to breathe, blow, psuchê = breath, life, soul; from pneô = to breathe, pneuma = air, breath, life, in class. Greek, and = spirit, a spiritual being, in Hellenistic Greek; from spiro = to breathe, blow, spiritus = breath, breeze, energy, high spirit, and poet. and post-Aug. = soul, mind; the Engl. ghost = Germ. Geist may be comp. with Germ. giessen and cheô, to pour, and for this interchange of the ideas of gases and liquids, cf. Sol. 22: insula adspiratur freto Gallico, is flowed upon, washed, by the Gallic Strait; the Sanscr. atman = breath, soul, with which comp. aytmê = breath; Germ. Odem = breath, and Athem = breath, soul, with which group Curt. connects auô, aêmi; the Heb. = breath, life, soul; and = breath, wind, life, spirit, soul or mind].

In a general sense, the rational soul in man (in opp. to the body, corpus, and to the physical life, anima), hê psuchê:

humanus animus decerptus ex mente divina,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 13, 38:

Corpus animum praegravat, Atque affixit humo divinae particulam aurae,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 77:

credo deos immortales sparsisse animos in corpora humana, ut essent qui terras tuerentur etc.,

Cic. Sen. 21, 77:

eas res tueor animi non corporis viribus,

id. ib. 11, 38; so id. Off. 1, 23, 79:

quae (res) vel infirmis corporibus animo tamen administratur,

id. Sen. 6, 15; id. Off. 1, 29, 102:

omnes animi cruciatus et corporis,

id. Cat. 4, 5, 10:

levantes Corpus et animum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 141:

formam et figuram animi magis quam corporis complecti,

Tac. Agr. 46; id. H. 1, 22:

animi validus et corpore ingens,

id. A. 15, 53:

Aristides primus animum pinxit et sensus hominis expressit, quae vocantur Graece ethe, item perturbationes,

first painted the soul, put a soul into his figures, Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 98 (cf.:

animosa signa,

life-like statues, Prop. 4, 8, 9): si nihil esset in eo (animo), nisi id, ut per eum viveremus, i. e. were it mere anima, Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 56:

Singularis est quaedam natura atque vis animi, sejuncta ab his usitatis notisque naturis, i. e. the four material elements,

id. ib. 1, 27, 66: Neque nos corpora sumus. Cum igitur nosce te dicit, hoc dicit, nosce animum tuum, id. ib. 1, 22, 52:

In quo igitur loco est (animus)? Credo equidem in capite,

id. ib. 1, 29, 70:

corpora nostra, terreno principiorum genere confecta, ardore animi concalescunt,

derive their heat from the fiery nature of the soul, id. ib. 1, 18, 42:

Non valet tantum animus, ut se ipsum ipse videat: at, ut oculus, sic animus, se non videns alia cernit,

id. ib. 1, 27, 67: foramina illa ( the senses), quae patent ad animum a corpore, callidissimo artificio natura fabricata est, id. ib. 1, 20, 47: dum peregre est animus sine corpore velox, independently of the body, i. e. the mind roaming in thought, Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 13:

discessus animi a corpore,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18; 1, 30, 72:

cum nihil erit praeter animum,

when there shall be nothing but the soul, when the soul shall be disembodied, id. ib. 1, 20, 47; so,

animus vacans corpore,

id. ib. 1, 22, 50; and:

animus sine corpore,

id. ib. 1, 22, 51:

sine mente animoque nequit residere per artus pars ulla animai,

Lucr. 3, 398 (for the pleonasm here, v. infra, II. A. 1.):

Reliquorum sententiae spem adferunt posse animos, cum e corporibus excesserint in caelum pervenire,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, 24:

permanere animos arbitramur consensu nationum omnium,

id. ib. 1, 16, 36:

Pherecydes primus dixit animos esse hominum sempiternos,

id. ib. 1, 16, 38:

Quod ni ita se haberet, ut animi immortales essent, haud etc.,

id. Sen. 23, 82: immortalitas animorum, id. ib. 21, 78; id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24; 1, 14, 30:

aeternitas animorum,

id. ib. 1, 17, 39; 1, 22, 50 (for the plur. animorum, in this phrase, cf. Cic. Sen. 23, 84); for the atheistic notions about the soul, v. Lucr. bk. iii.—

In a more restricted sense, the mind as thinking, feeling, willing, the intellect, the sensibility, and the will, acc. to the almost universally received division of the mental powers since the time of Kant (Diog. Laert. 8, 30, says that Pythagoras divided hê psuchê into ho nous, hai phrenes, and ho thumos; and that man had ho nous and ho thumos in common with other animals, but he alone had hai phrenes. Here ho nous and ho thumos must denote the understanding and the sensibility, and hai phrenes, the reason. Plutarch de Placit. 4, 21, says that the Stoics called the supreme faculty of the mind (to hêgemonikon tês psuchês) ho logismos, reason. Cic. sometimes speaks of a twofold division; as, Est animus in partes tributus duas, quarum altera rationis est particeps, altera expers (i. e. to logistikon and to alogon of Plato; cf. Tert. Anim. 16), i. e. the reason or intellect and the sensibility, Tusc. 2, 21, 47; so id. Off. 1, 28, 101; 1, 36, 132; id. Tusc 4, 5, 10; and again of a threefold; as, Plato triplicem finxit animum, cujus principatum, id est rationem in capite sicut in arce posuit, et duas partes ( the two other parts) ei parere voluit, iram et cupiditatem, quas locis disclusit; iram in pectore, cupiditatem subter praecordia locavit, i. e. the reason or intellect, and the sensibility here resolved into desire and aversion, id. ib. 1, 10, 20; so id. Ac. 2, 39, 124. The will, hê boulêsis, voluntas, arbitrium, seems to have been sometimes merged in the sensibility, ho thumos, animus, animi, sensus, and sometimes identified with the intellect or reason, ho nous, ho logismos, mens, ratio).

1.. The general power of perception and thought, the reason, intellect, mind (syn.: mens, ratio, ingenium), ho nous:

cogito cum meo animo,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 13; so Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 55:

cum animis vestris cogitare,

Cic. Agr. 2, 24:

recordari cum animo,

id. Clu. 25, 70;

and without cum: animo meditari,

Nep. Ages. 4, 1; cf. id. Ham. 4, 2:

cogitare volvereque animo,

Suet. Vesp. 5:

animo cogitare,

Vulg. Eccli. 37, 9:

statuere apud animum,

Liv. 34, 2:

proposui in animo meo,

Vulg. Eccli. 1, 12:

nisi me animus fallit, hi sunt, etc.,

Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 23:

in dubio est animus,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 31; id. ib. prol. 1; cf. id. ib. 1, 1, 29:

animum ad se ipsum advocamus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 75:

lumen animi, ingenii consiliique tui,

id. Rep. 6, 12 al. —

For the sake of rhet. fulness, animus often has a synonym joined with it: Mens et animus et consilium et sententia civitatis posita est in legibus,

Cic. Clu. 146:

magnam cui mentem animumque Delius inspirat vates,

Verg. A. 6, 11:

complecti animo et cogitatione,

Cic. Off. 1, 32, 117; id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

animis et cogitatione comprehendere,

id. Fl. 27, 66:

cum omnia ratione animoque lustraris,

id. Off. 1, 17, 56:

animorum ingeniorumque naturale quoddam quasi pabulum consideratio naturae,

id. Ac. 2, 41, 127.—Hence the expressions: agitatio animi, attentio, contentio; animi adversio; applicatio animi; judicium, opinio animorum, etc. (v. these vv.); and animum advertere, adjungere, adplicare, adpellere, inducere, etc. (v. these vv.).—

Of particular faculties of mind, the memory:

etiam nunc mihi Scripta illa dicta sunt in animo Chrysidis,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 46:

An imprimi, quasi ceram, animum putamus etc. (an idea of Aristotle's),

Cic. Tusc. 1, 25, 61:

ex animo effluere,

id. de Or. 2, 74, 300: omnia fert aetas, animum quoque;

... Nunc oblita mihi tot carmina,

Verg. E. 9, 51.—

Consciousness (physically considered) or the vital power, on which consciousness depends ( = conscientia, q. v. II. A., or anima, q. v. II. E.):

vae miserae mihi. Animo malest: aquam velim,

I'm fainting, my wits are going, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 6; id. Curc. 2, 3, 33:

reliquit animus Sextium gravibus acceptis vulneribus,

Caes. B. G. 6, 38:

Una eademque via sanguis animusque sequuntur,

Verg. A. 10, 487:

animusque reliquit euntem,

Ov. M. 10, 459:

nisi si timor abstulit omnem Sensum animumque,

id. ib. 14, 177:

linqui deinde animo et submitti genu coepit,

Curt. 4, 6, 20: repente animo linqui solebat, Suet. Caes. 45:

ad recreandos defectos animo puleio,

Plin. 20, 14, 54, § 152.—

The conscience, in mal. part. (v. conscientia, II. B. 2. b.):

cum conscius ipse animus se remordet,

Lucr. 4, 1135:

quos conscius animus exagitabat,

Sall. C. 14, 3:

suae malae cogitationes conscientiaeque animi terrent,

Cic. Sex. Rosc. 67.—

In Plaut. very freq., and once also in Cic., meton. for judicium, sententia, opinion, judgment; mostly meo quidem animo or meo animo, according to my mind, in my opinion, Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 17:

e meo quidem animo aliquanto facias rectius, si, etc.,

id. Aul. 3, 6, 3:

meo quidem animo, hic tibi hodie evenit bonus,

id. Bacch. 1, 1, 69; so id. Aul. 3, 5, 4; id. Curc. 4, 2, 28; id. Bacch. 3, 2, 10; id. Ep. 1, 2, 8; id. Poen. 1, 2, 23; id. Rud. 4, 4, 94; Cic. Sest. 22:

edepol lenones meo animo novisti,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 19:

nisi, ut meus est animus, fieri non posse arbitror,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 5 (cf.:

EX MEI ANIMI SENTENTIA,

Inscr. Orell. 3665:

ex animi tui sententia,

Cic. Off. 3, 29, 108).—

The imagination, the fancy (for which Cic. often uses cogitatio, as Ac. 2, 15, 48):

cerno animo sepultam patriam, miseros atque insepultos acervos civium,

Cic. Cat. 4, 6, 11:

fingere animo jubebat aliquem etc.,

id. Sen. 12, 41: Fingite animis;

litterae enim sunt cogitationes nostrae, et quae volunt, sic intuentur, ut ea cernimus, quae videmus,

id. Mil. 29, 79:

Nihil animo videre poterant,

id. Tusc. 1, 16, 38.—

The power of feeling, the sensibility, the heart, the feelings, affections, inclinations, disposition, passions (either honorable or base; syn.: sensus, adfectus, pectus, cor), ho thumos.

a.. In gen., heart, soul, spirit, feeling, inclination, affection, passion: Medea, animo aegra, amore saevo saucia, Enn. ap. Auct. ad Her. 2, 22 (cf. Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 36:

animo hercle homo suo est miser): tu si animum vicisti potius quam animus te, est quod gaudeas, etc.,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 27 -29:

harum scelera et lacrumae confictae dolis Redducunt animum aegrotum ad misericordiam,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 27:

Quo gemitu conversi animi (sunt),

Verg. A. 2, 73:

Hoc fletu concussi animi,

id. ib. 9, 498;

4, 310: animum offendere,

Cic. Lig. 4; id. Deiot. 33; so Vulg. Gen. 26, 35.—Mens and animus are often conjoined and contrasted, mind and heart (cf. the Homeric kata phrena kai kata thumon, in mind and heart): mentem atque animum delectat suum, entertains his mind and delights his heart, Enn. ap. Gell. 19, 10:

Satin tu sanus mentis aut animi tui?

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 53:

mala mens, malus animus,

bad mind, bad heart, Ter. And. 1, 1, 137:

animum et mentem meam ipsa cogitatione hominum excellentium conformabam,

Cic. Arch. 6, 14:

Nec vero corpori soli subveniendum est, sed menti atque animo multo magis,

id. Sen. 11, 36:

ut omnium mentes animosque perturbaret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 1, 21:

Istuc mens animusque fert,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 8:

Stare Socrates dicitur tamquam quodam recessu mentis atque animi facto a corpore,

Gell. 2, 1; 15, 2, 7.—

And very rarely with this order inverted: Jam vero animum ipsum mentemque hominis, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 147:

mente animoque nobiscum agunt,

Tac. G. 29:

quem nobis animum, quas mentes imprecentur,

id. H. 1, 84;

and sometimes pleon. without such distinction: in primis regina quietum Accipit in Teucros animum mentemque benignam,

a quiet mind and kindly heart, Verg. A. 1, 304; so,

pravitas animi atque ingenii,

Vell. 2, 112, 7 (for mens et animus, etc., in the sense of thought, used as a pleonasm, v. supra, II. A. 1.):

Verum animus ubi semel se cupiditate devinxit mala, etc.,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 34:

animus perturbatus et incitatus nec cohibere se potest, nec quo loco vult insistere,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 18, 41:

animum comprimit,

id. ib. 2, 22, 53:

animus alius ad alia vitia propensior,

id. ib. 4, 37, 81; id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1:

sed quid ego hic animo lamentor,

Enn. Ann. 6, 40:

tremere animo,

Cic. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4:

ingentes animo concipit iras,

Ov. M. 1, 166:

exsultare animo,

id. ib. 6, 514.—So often ex animo, from the heart, from the bottom of one's heart, deeply, truly, sincerely:

Paulum interesse censes ex animo omnia facias an de industria?

from your heart or with some design, Ter. And. 4, 4, 55; id. Ad. 1, 1, 47:

nisi quod tibi bene ex animo volo,

id. Heaut. 5, 2, 6: verbum [p. 124] ex animo dicere, id. Eun. 1, 2, 95:

sive ex animo id fit sive simulate,

Cic. N. D. 2, 67, 168:

majore studio magisve ex animo petere non possum,

id. Fam. 11, 22:

ex animo vereque diligi,

id. ib. 9, 6, 2:

ex animo dolere,

Hor. A. P. 432:

quae (gentes) dederunt terram meam sibi cum gaudio et toto corde et ex animo,

Vulg. Ezech. 36, 5; ib. Eph. 6, 6; ib. 1 Pet. 5, 3.—And with gen.

With verbs:

Quid illam miseram animi excrucias?

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 76; 4, 6, 65:

Antipho me excruciat animi,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 10:

discrucior animi,

id. Ad. 4, 4, 1:

in spe pendebit animi,

id. Heaut. 4, 4, 5: juvenemque animi miserata repressit, pitying him in her heart, thumôi phileousa te kêdomenê te (Hom. Il. 1, 196), Verg. A. 10, 686.—

With adjj.:

aeger animi,

Liv. 1, 58; 2, 36; 6, 10; Curt. 4, 3, 11; Tac. H. 3, 58:

infelix animi,

Verg. A. 4, 529:

felix animi,

Juv. 14, 159:

victus animi,

Verg. G. 4, 491:

ferox animi,

Tac. A. 1, 32:

promptus animi,

id. H. 2, 23:

praestans animi,

Verg. A. 12, 19:

ingens animi,

Tac. A. 1, 69 (for this gen. v. Ramsh. Gr. p. 323; Key, § 935; Wagner ad Plaut. Aul. v. 105; Draeger, Hist. Synt. I. p. 443).—

Meton., disposition, character (so, often ingenium): nimis paene animo es Molli, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 49:

animo audaci proripit sese,

Pac. Trag. Rel. p. 109 Rib.:

petulans protervo, iracundo animo,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 3, 1; id. Truc. 4, 3, 1:

ubi te vidi animo esse omisso (omisso = neglegenti, Don.),

Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 9; Cic. Fam. 2. 17 fin.:

promptus animus vester,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 9, 2: animis estis simplicibus et mansuetis nimium creditis unicuique, Auct. ad Her. 4, 37:

eorum animi molles et aetate fluxi dolis haud difficulter capiebantur,

Sall. C. 14, 5:

Hecabe, Non oblita animorum, annorum oblita suorum,

Ov. M. 13, 550:

Nihil est tam angusti animi tamque parvi, quam amare divitias,

Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68:

sordidus atque animi parvi,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 10; Vell. 2, 25, 3:

Drusus animi fluxioris erat,

Suet. Tib. 52.—

In particular, some one specific emotion, inclination, or passion (honorable or base; in this signif., in the poets and prose writers, very freq. in the plur.). —

Courage, spirit:

ibi nostris animus additus est,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 94; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 31; id. And. 2, 1, 33:

deficiens animo maesto cum corde jacebat,

Lucr. 6, 1232:

virtute atque animo resistere,

Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 8:

fac animo magno fortique sis,

id. ib. 6, 14 fin.:

Cassio animus accessit, et Parthis timor injectus est,

id. Att. 5, 20, 3:

nostris animus augetur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 70:

mihi in dies magis animus accenditur,

Sall. C. 20, 6; Cic. Att. 5, 18; Liv. 8, 19; 44, 29:

Nunc demum redit animus,

Tac. Agr. 3:

bellica Pallas adest, Datque animos,

Ov. M. 5, 47:

pares annis animisque,

id. ib. 7, 558:

cecidere illis animique manusque,

id. ib. 7, 347 (cf.:

tela viris animusque cadunt,

id. F. 3, 225) et saep.—Hence, bono animo esse or uti, to be of good courage, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 5: Am. Bono animo es. So. Scin quam bono animo sim? Plaut. Am. 22, 39:

In re mala animo si bono utare, adjuvat,

id. Capt. 2, 1, 9:

bono animo fac sis,

Ter. Ad. 3, 5, 1:

quin tu animo bono es,

id. ib. 4, 2, 4:

quare bono animo es,

Cic. Att. 5, 18; so Vulg. 2 Macc. 11, 26; ib. Act. 18, 25;

so also, satis animi,

sufficient courage, Ov. M. 3, 559.—Also for hope:

magnus mihi animus est, hodiernum diem initium libertatis fore,

Tac. Agr, 30.— Trop., of the violent, stormy motion of the winds of AEolus:

Aeolus mollitque animos et temperat iras,

Verg. A. 1, 57.—Of a top:

dant animos plagae,

give it new force, quicker motion, Verg. A. 7, 383.—

Of spirit in discourse: in Asinio Pollione et consilii et animi satis,

Quint. 10, 1, 113. —

Haughtiness, arrogance, pride: quae civitas est in Asia, quae unius tribuni militum animos ac spiritus capere possit? can bear the arrogance and pride, etc., Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 66:

jam insolentiam noratis hominis: noratis animos ejus ac spiritus tribunicios,

id. Clu. 39, 109; so id. Caecin. 11 al.; Ov. Tr. 5, 8, 3 (cf.:

quia paululum vobis accessit pecuniae, Sublati animi sunt,

Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 56).—

Violent passion, vehemence, wrath:

animum vincere, iracundiam cohibere, etc.,

Cic. Marcell. 3:

animum rege, qui nisi paret Imperat,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 62:

qui dominatur animo suo,

Vulg. Prov. 16, 32.—So often in plur.; cf hoi thumoi: ego meos animos violentos meamque iram ex pectore jam promam, Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 43:

vince animos iramque tuam,

Ov. H. 3, 85; id. M. 8, 583; Prop. 1, 5, 12:

Parce tuis animis, vita, nocere tibi,

id. 2, 5, 18:

Sic longius aevum Destruit ingentes animos,

Luc. 8, 28:

coeunt sine more, sine arte, Tantum animis iraque,

Stat. Th. 11, 525 al. —

Moderation, patience, calmness, contentedness, in the phrase aequus animus, an even mind:

si est animus aequos tibi,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 10; id. Rud. 2, 3, 71; Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 145; and often in the abl., aequo animo, with even mind, patiently, etc.:

aequo animo ferre,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 23; Cic. Tusc. 1, 39, 93; id. Sen. 23, 84; Nep. Dion. 6, 4; Liv. 5, 39:

aequo animo esse,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 21, 7; ib. Judith, 7, 23: Aequo animo est? of merry heart (Gr. euthumei), ib. Jac. 5, 13:

animis aequis remittere,

Cic. Clu. 2, 6:

aequiore animo successorem opperiri,

Suet. Tib. 25:

haud aequioribus animis audire,

Liv. 23, 22: sapientissimus quisque aequissimo animo moritur; stultissimus iniquissimo. Cic. Sen. 23, 83; so id. Tusc. 1, 45, 109; Sall. C. 3, 2; Suet. Aug. 56:

iniquo animo,

Att. Trag. Rel. p. 150 Rib.; Cic. Tusc. 2, 2, 5; Quint. 11, 1, 66.—

Agreeable feeling, pleasure, delight:

cubat amans animo obsequens,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 134:

indulgent animis, et nulla quid utile cura est,

Ov. M. 7, 566; so, esp. freq.: animi causa (in Plaut. once animi gratia), for the sake of amusement, diversion (cf.:

haec (animalia) alunt animi voluptatisque causa,

Caes. B. G. 5, 12):

Post animi causa mihi navem faciam,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 27; so id. Trin. 2, 2, 53; id. Ep. 1, 1, 43:

liberare fidicinam animi gratia,

id. ib. 2, 2, 90:

qui illud animi causa fecerit, hunc praedae causa quid facturum putabis?

Cic. Phil. 7, 6:

habet animi causa rus amoenum et suburbanum,

id. Rosc. Am. 46 Matth.; cf. id. ib. § 134, and Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 17, 56; Cic. Fam. 7, 2:

Romanos in illis munitionibus animine causa cotidie exerceri putatis?

Caes. B. G. 7, 77; Plin. praef. 17 Sill.—

Disposition toward any one:

hoc animo in nos esse debebis, ut etc.,

Cic. Fam. 2, 1 fin.:

meus animus erit in te semper, quem tu esse vis,

id. ib. 5, 18 fin.:

qui, quo animo inter nos simus, ignorant,

id. ib. 3, 6; so id. ib. 4, 15;

5, 2: In quo in primis quo quisque animo, studio, benevolentia fecerit, ponderandum est,

id. Off. 1, 15, 49:

quod (Allobroges) nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur,

to be well disposed, Caes. B. G. 1, 6 fin. —In the pregn. signif. of kind, friendly feeling, affection, kindness, liberality:

animum fidemque praetorianorum erga se expertus est,

Suet. Oth. 8:

Nec non aurumque animusque Latino est,

Verg. A. 12, 23.—Hence, meton., of a person who is loved, my heart, my soul:

salve, anime mi,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 3:

da, meus ocellus, mea rosa, mi anime, da, mea voluptas,

id. As. 3, 3, 74; so id. ib. 5, 2, 90; id. Curc. 1, 3, 9; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 48; id. Most. 1, 4, 23; id. Men. 1, 3, 1; id. Mil. 4, 8, 20; id. Rud. 4, 8, 1; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 15 et saep. —

The power of willing, the will, inclination, desire, purpose, design, intention (syn.: voluntas, arbitrium, mens, consilium, propositum), hê boulêsis:

qui rem publicam animo certo adjuverit,

Att. Trag Rel. p. 182 Rib.:

pro inperio tuo meum animum tibi servitutem servire aequom censui,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 23:

Ex animique voluntate id procedere primum,

goes forth at first from the inclination of the soul, Lucr. 2, 270; so,

pro animi mei voluntate,

Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 8 (v. Manut. ad h.l.):

teneo, quid animi vostri super hac re siet,

Plaut. Am. prol. 58; 1, 1, 187:

Nam si semel tuom animum ille intellexerit, Prius proditurum te etc.,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 69:

Prius quam tuom ut sese habeat animum ad nuptias perspexerit,

id. And. 2, 3, 4:

Sin aliter animus voster est, ego etc.,

id. Ad. 3, 4, 46:

Quid mi istaec narras? an quia non audisti, de hac re animus meus ut sit?

id. Hec. 5, 2, 19:

qui ab auro gazaque regia manus, oculos, animum cohibere possit,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 66:

istum exheredare in animo habebat,

id. Rosc. Am. 18, 52: nobis crat in animo Ciceronem ad Caesarem mittere, we had it in mind to send, etc., id. Fam. 14, 11; Serv. ad Cic. ib. 4, 12:

hostes in foro constiterunt, hoc animo, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 28:

insurrexerunt uno animo in Paulum,

with one mind, Vulg. Act. 18, 12; 19, 29: persequi Jugurtham animus ardebat, Sall. J. 39, 5 Gerlach (others, animo, as Dietsch); so id. de Rep. Ord. 1, 8: in nova fert an mus mutatas dicere formas, my mind inclines to tell of, etc., Ov. M. 1, 1.—Hence, est animus alicui, with inf., to have a mind for something, to aim at, etc.:

omnibus unum Opprimere est animus,

Ov. M. 5, 150:

Sacra Jovi Stygio perficere est animus,

Verg. A. 4, 639:

Fuerat animus conjuratis corpus occisi in Tiberim trahere,

Suet. Caes. 82 fin.; id. Oth. 6; cf. id. Calig. 56.—So, aliquid alicui in animo est, with inf., Tac. G. 3.—So, inducere in animum or animum, to resolve upon doing something; v. induco.—

Trop., of the principle of life and activity in irrational objects, as in Engl. the word mind is used.

Of brutes:

in bestiis, quarum animi sunt rationis expertes,

whose minds, Cic. Tusc. 1, 33, 80:

Sunt bestiae, in quibus etiam animorum aliqua ex parte motus quosdam videmus,

id. Fin. 5, 14, 38:

ut non inscite illud dictum videatur in sue, animum illi pecudi datum pro sale, ne putisceret,

id. ib. 5, 13, 38, ubi v. Madv.:

(apes Ingentes animos angusto in pectore versant,

Verg. G. 4, 83:

Illiusque animos, qui multos perdidit unus, Sumite serpentis,

Ov. M. 3, 544:

cum pecudes pro regionis caelique statu et habitum corporis et ingenium animi et pili colorem gerant,

Col. 6, 1, 1:

Umbria (boves progenerat) vastos nec minus probabiles animis quam corporibus,

id. 6, 1, 2 si equum ipsum nudum et solum corpus ejus et animum contemplamur, App. de Deo Socr. 23 (so sometimes mens:

iniquae mentis asellus,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 20).—

Of plants:

haec quoque Exuerint silvestrem animum, i. e. naturam, ingenium,

their wild nature, Verg. G. 2, 51.—

Transf. Of God or the gods, as we say, the Divine Mind, the Mind of God:

certe et deum ipsum et divinum animum corpore liberatum cogitatione complecti possumus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 22, 51 (so mens, of God, id. ib. 1, 22, 66; id. Ac. 2, 41, 126):

Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?

Verg. A. 1, 11.

rē-spīro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n.

Lit., to blow or breathe back; to breathe out, exhale (class.;

esp. in the trop. signif.): quod nisi respirent venti, vis nulla refrenet Res... nunc quia respirant, etc.,

Lucr. 6, 568 sq.:

cum aspera arteria ad pulmones usque pertineat excipiatque animam eam, quae ducta sit spiritu eandemque a pulmonibus respiret et reddat,

Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136:

ex eā pars redditur respirando,

id. ib. 2, 55, 138:

malignum aëra,

to exhale, send forth, Stat. S. 2, 2, 78; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 35; and poet.:

fistula,

i. e. to sound, Calp. Ecl. 4, 74.—

Transf., in gen., to take breath; to breathe, respire (only neutr.).

Lit.:

propius fore eos ad respirandum,

Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64; 3, 14, 48:

sine respirem, quaeso,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 20 (with recipere anhelitum); id. Pers. 3, 3, 12: O Clitopho, timeo. Clit. respiro, Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 12; Quint. 8, 5, 14; Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 146:

ut non ter deciens respiret,

Juv. 14, 28 al. —

Trop., to fetch one ' s breath again, to recover breath; to recover, revive, be relieved or refreshed after any thing difficult (as labor, care, etc.); constr. absol. or ab aliquā re.

Absol.:

(improbitas) cujus in animo versatur, numquam sinit eum respirare, numquam acquiescere,

Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 52; cf.:

si armis positis civitas respiraverit,

id. Fam. 6, 2, 2 (with recreari):

cum tot negotiis distentus sit, ut libere respirare non possit,

id. Rosc. Am. 8, 22:

respiravi, liberatus sum,

id. Mil. 18, 47:

homines respirasse videbantur,

id. Sest. 38, 71; id. Att. 2, 24, 5; 7, 13, a, 3;

10, 1: spatium respirandi dare,

Liv. 10, 28; 26, 26 fin.; 28, 31; Verg. A. 9, 813 al.:

quo animi respirant,

Quint. 9, 4, 62.— Impers. pass.:

ita respiratum, mittique legationes coeptae,

Liv. 29, 4.—

With ab:

respirare a metu,

Cic. Clu. 70, 200; id. Har. Resp. 23, 48:

ab eorum mixtis precibus minisque, Liv 4, 25: a continuis cladibus,

id. 22, 18; cf.:

aures poëticis voluptatibus a forensi asperitate,

Quint. 1, 8, 11.—

Transf., twice in Cic., of the exertion or passion itself, to abate, diminish, cease (syn.:

remittere, cessare): oppugnatio respiravit,

Cic. Phil. 8, 7, 20:

cupiditas atque avaritia respirasset,

id. Quint. 16, 53.

rĕcī̆prŏco, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n. [reciprocus].

Act., to move backwards or back and forth (rare but class.; cf.: meo, remeo).

Lit.: rursus prorsus reciprocat fluctus feram, bears to and fro, Enn. ap. Non. 165, 11, and 384 fin. (Trag. v. 143 Vahl.):

refluusque reciprocat aestus,

Sil. 15, 225:

(ventus) cum jam spiritum includeret nec reciprocare animam sineret,

to breathe, fetch their breath, Liv. 21, 58, 4:

spiritum per fistulam,

Gell. 17, 11, 4:

aurae per anhelitum reciprocatae,

Arn. 2, 54:

manu telum reciprocans,

brandishing, Gell. 9, 11, 5:

quid Chalcidico Euripo in motu identidem reciprocando putas fieri posse constantius?

Cic. N. D. 3, 10, 24; cf.

under II.: serram,

to draw back and forth, Tert. Cor. Mil. 3: circulos, Prud. steph. 10, 573:

quinqueremem in adversum aestum reciprocari non posse,

would not be able to tack about, Liv. 28, 30; cf.:

quoniam aestus semper e Ponto profluens nunquam reciprocetur,

flow back, Plin. 4, 13, 27, § 93:

reciprocari mare coepit,

Curt. 9, 9, 20.—

Trop., to reverse, convert a proposition:

si quidem ista sic reciprocantur, ut et, si divinatio sit, dii sint, et si dii sint, sit divinatio,

Cic. Div. 1, 6, 10.—

Neutr., to move backwards, go back; to move back and forth, to come and go, reciprocate (perh. only since the Aug. per.):

fretum ipsum Euripi non septies die temporibus statis reciprocat,

rises and falls, Liv. 28, 6;

so of the ebb and flow: Euripus,

Plin. 2, 97, 100, § 219:

mare,

Curt. 9, 9, 20:

aquae,

Flor. 2, 8, 9;

and of the ebb (opp. accedere),

Plin. 2, 97, 89, § 212.—

Of stars: saepe citra eos ad solem reciprocent,

Plin. 2, 17, 14, § 72:

nubem eos arcentem a reciprocando,

from going back, id. 9, 46, 70, § 151.

p. 229 Müll.

vŏmo, ŭi, ĭtum, 3, v. n. and a. [Sanscr. vām-ami, vomit; Gr. emeô; root Wem].

Neutr., to puke, spew, throw up, vomit (a common method among the Romans of renewing the appetite).

Lit.:

cum vomere post cenam te velle dixisses,

Cic. Dejot. 7, 21; id. Phil. 2, 25, 63; Cels. 1, 3; Suet. Vit. 13; id. Claud. 21:

in mensam,

Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 23.—With a homogeneous object:

vomitum,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 27.— Impers. pass.:

ab horā tertiā bibebatur, ludebatur, vomebatur,

Cic. Phil. 2, 41, 104.—

Transf., in gen., to pour forth, empty: quā largius vomit (Padus), discharges itself into the sea, Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 119.—

Act., to throw up or discharge by vomiting; to vomit up or forth (cf.: eructo, nauseo).

Lit.:

sanguinem,

Plin. 26, 13, 84, § 136:

paene intestina sua,

Petr. 66.—

Transf., in gen., to vomit forth, i. e. to throw or pour out in abundance; to emit, discharge ( poet.):

(Charybdis) vomit fluctus totidem totidemque resorbet,

Ov. H. 12, 125:

undam,

Verg. G. 2, 462:

fumum,

id. A. 5, 682:

geminas flammas,

id. ib. 8, 681:

mel (apes),

Petr. 56:

vitam,

to breathe out, Lucr. 6, 828; so,

animam,

Verg. A. 9, 349:

argentum,

to give up, Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 10:

armataeque vomunt stridentia tela fenestrae,

Stat. Th. 10, 536:

pinguem nebulam vomuere lucernae,

Pers. 5, 181.

prō-flo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to blow forth, breathe out.

Lit. ( poet.):

leo proflat ferus ore calores, Q. Cic. poët. ap. Aus. Ecl.: flammas,

Ov. F. 1, 573; Val. Fl. 7, 571:

pectore sanguineos rivos,

Stat. Th. 11, 266.—

Transf., to melt, liquefy by blowing (postAug.): massa proflatur in primis, mox in [p. 1459] proflatum additur, etc., Plin. 34, 9, 20, § 97. —

Trop., to blow or breathe out ( poet. and post-Aug.):

noctem Tartaream pectore,

Val. Fl. 6, 435:

toto proflabat pectore somnum,

i.e. was snoring, Verg. A. 9, 326:

iras,

i.e. to puff and blow, to fret, fume, Plin. 8, 4, 5, § 9.—

To puff out:

nares,

App. M. 7, p. 193, 29.

rĕ-bullĭo, īvi or ii, v. n. and a. (Appuleian).

Neutr., to bubble up:

vinum,

App. M. 9, p. 233, 8.—

Act., to cause to bubble forth, to cast forth with a bubbling noise:

oleum,

App. M. 5, p. 170, 26:

spiritum,

to breathe out, id. ib. 1, p. 108, 16.

* * *

ē-bullĭo, īre, 4 (and post-class. ēbullo, āre, 1), v. n. and a.

Neutr., to boil up, bubble up (post-class.).

Lit.:

fontium venae ebullant,

Tert. de Pall. 2.—

Trop., to come forth bubbling, to appear boisterously: dum risus ebullit App. M. 2, p. 128.— Poet.:

o si Ebullit patrui praeclarum funus! i. e. utinam patruus moriatur,

Pers. 2, 10 Dübner:

priusquam hujus monstri idoli artifices ebullissent,

Tert. Idol. 3:

de Perside,

to hurry confusedly away, Vulg. 2 Mac. 1, 12.—

Act. (class., but rare).

Lit.:

animam,

i. e. to breathe out, give up the ghost, Sen. Apoc. 4, 2; Petr. 42, 3; 62, 10.—

To produce in abundance:

et ebulliet fluvius ranas,

Vulg. Exod. 8, 3; cf.:

os fatuorum ebullit stultitiam,

id. Prov. 15, 2.— Trop.:

virtutes,

i. e. to boast of, Cic. Tusc. 3, 18, 42 Kühn; cf. id. Fin. 5, 27, 80 (and the Gr. paphlazein).

ē-bullĭo, īre, 4 (and post-class. ēbullo, āre, 1), v. n. and a.

Neutr., to boil up, bubble up (post-class.).

Lit.:

fontium venae ebullant,

Tert. de Pall. 2.—

Trop., to come forth bubbling, to appear boisterously: dum risus ebullit App. M. 2, p. 128.— Poet.:

o si Ebullit patrui praeclarum funus! i. e. utinam patruus moriatur,

Pers. 2, 10 Dübner:

priusquam hujus monstri idoli artifices ebullissent,

Tert. Idol. 3:

de Perside,

to hurry confusedly away, Vulg. 2 Mac. 1, 12.—

Act. (class., but rare).

Lit.:

animam,

i. e. to breathe out, give up the ghost, Sen. Apoc. 4, 2; Petr. 42, 3; 62, 10.—

To produce in abundance:

et ebulliet fluvius ranas,

Vulg. Exod. 8, 3; cf.:

os fatuorum ebullit stultitiam,

id. Prov. 15, 2.— Trop.:

virtutes,

i. e. to boast of, Cic. Tusc. 3, 18, 42 Kühn; cf. id. Fin. 5, 27, 80 (and the Gr. paphlazein).